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Calculation of the reflecting power of any stratified system

Cluster-based stratified sampling for fast reliability evaluation of

Cluster-based stratified sampling for fast reliability evaluation of composite power systems based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation. The bottleneck is the simulation process because it needs to calculate optimal power flow in each iteration. When the composite power system has highly reliable components or the size of the network is

Cooling load calculation methods in spaces with stratified air: A

Due to vertically thermal stratification in indoor spaces, the cooling load calculation is always a challenge in the design of stratified air distribution systems (STRAD), which in turn is crucial to determine the supply air flow rate and the cooling load to be removed by the air conditioning system. In this paper, several cooling load calculation methods, developed in the

Reflection, Transmission and Diffraction Efficiencies in

The matrix formalism is applied to describe various stratified and periodic systems that are used to couple optical energy into a dielectric film or medium. As the literature is often presenting

Calculation of the vectorial field distribution in a stratified focal

An algorithm for calculating the field distribution in the focal region of stratified media which is fast and easy to implement is presented and the interference effects of the reflected field could be used as an alternative for 4Pi-microscopy. We present an algorithm for calculating the field distribution in the focal region of stratified media which is fast and easy to implement.

A simplified cooling load calculation method based on equivalent

The conventional calculation of the cooling load follows the hypothesis that the indoor air is the same at all positions in the room [9], [10].However, when using STRAC systems, the vertical thermal stratification is non-negligible [11]; therefore, this hypothesis cannot be directly adopted for the cooling load calculation of STRAC systems.Many related studies found evident

Chapter 8 Stratified Sampling | STAT392: Sample Surveys

8.2 Estimation in Stratified Sampling. The key concept in stratified sampling is that we have divided the population into (H) groups, and we take completely independent samples from each stratum: it''s as if we were running (H) separate surveys.. This means that the sampling method can be different in each stratum: we could take a SRS in one stratum, a census in another, a

Sample Size Calculator example using stratified random sampling

One way to calculate the RSE for the population estimate is to enter the total population size (38,000), the total sample size (2,853), and the proportion of satisfied businesses in the whole population (0.49) into the sample size calculator.

Cluster-based stratified sampling for fast reliability evaluation of

In conventional power systems (predominantly thermal), NSMCS is a practical approach which requires less time and computational effort than SMCS [11].However, power systems are becoming more variable and stochastic due to the addition of renewable energy sources, energy storage, and distributed generation [30].The variability of renewable energy

REFLECTION

SUMMARY. The main purpose of this paper is to derive explicit formulas for the mean-square electric fields induced by electromagnetic radiation in a two-phase, three-phase, and N-phase stratified medium. A number of other im-portant formulas are also given, in general forms not

A study on stratified air conditioning cooling load calculation

Many researches have shown that any sustainable green design should be based on a compromise between energy savings, plant system changeability and easy maintenance, as well as energy cost

A generalized model for the calculation of the impedances and

Currently he is a Professor at the same Department. His special interests are power system analysis with special emphasis on the simulation of transmission and distribution systems, electromagnetic and thermal field analysis, artificial intelligence applications in power systems, power-line communications and distributed energy resources.

Fast reliability evaluation method for composite power system

Power system reliability assessment plays a significant role to measure the ability of power system operating safely and stably. However, due to that the power system scale and complexity are increasing and large scale intermittent energy connects to the grid, the dimensionality and difficulty of reliability calculation increase dramatically.

Reflection and Transmission | SpringerLink

The optical power of the reflected light as a function of the wavelength of the light beam is the reflection spectrum, and the optical power of the transmitted light as a function of the wavelength is the transmission spectrum. Fresnel was the first to do this calculation so the reflection and refraction equations are known to be Fresnel

Weighted Average: Formula & Calculation Examples

Calculating the weighted average involves multiplying each data point by its weight and summing those products. Then sum the weights for all data points. Finally, divide the weight*value products by the sum of the weights. Voila, you''ve calculated the weighted mean! Two broad calculation cases exist when using the weighted average formula:

Approximate calculation of the reflection coefficient from a stratified

An approximate method for calculating the reflection coefficient of stratified media is discussed. An analytic expression is given for the reflection coefficient for a multi-layer antireflecting stack, with elements of arbitrary thickness and oblique illumination.

A generalized model for the calculation of the impedances and

Mutual interconnections between power lines installed on one four-system power line were responsible for the occurrence of these two different dominant frequencies because one line was operated in

How to Calculate Sample Size Needed for Power

Determining a good sample size for a study is always an important issue. After all, using the wrong sample size can doom your study from the start. Fortunately, power analysis can find the answer for you. Power analysis combines statistical analysis, subject-area knowledge, and your requirements to help you derive the optimal sample size for your study.

8.1: Systems of Stratification

Society is stratified into social classes based on individuals'' socioeconomic status, gender, and race. elements of endogamy, hereditary transmission of occupation, social class, social identity, hierarchy, exclusion, and power. Caste as a closed social stratification system in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for

A generalized model for the calculation of the impedances and

@article{Papadopoulos2010AGM, title={A generalized model for the calculation of the impedances and admittances of overhead power lines above stratified earth}, author={Theofilos A. Papadopoulos and Grigoris K. Papagiannis and Dimitris P. Labridis}, journal={Electric Power Systems Research}, year={2010}, volume={80}, pages={1160-1170}, url

Stratified Sampling | Definition, Guide & Examples

In a stratified sample, researchers divide a population into homogeneous subpopulations called strata (the plural of stratum) based on specific characteristics (e.g., race, gender identity, location, etc.). Every member of the population studied should be

On the calculation of heat migration in thermally stratified

Stratified air conditioning load (SACL) is the basis for determining the cooling capacity of air conditioning system, and it is also the key to assess its energy savings of stratified cooling

HANDBOOK OF ELECTRIC POWER CALCULATIONS

parallel, the total, or equivalent, resistance REQP can be determined from the following equation: REQP R/N, where R is the resistance of each of the parallel resistors and N is the number of resistors connected in parallel. For section CG, RCG 600/2 300 ; for section BC, RBC 100/3 331/ 3; for section EF, REF 104/2 52 ; for section GF, RGF 600/2 300 . In a circuit of three or more

Calculation of Statistical Power and Sample Size

Fact Box 3 lists the main elements required for a priori sample size calculation.. Fact Box 2. The statistical power of a test depends on: Sample size. Type of the test (e.g., one- or two-tailed test) Effect size. α-level. Fact Box 3 Main Steps and Elements for a

A Preliminary Research on Load Calculation Method of Stratified

In the current design manual, there is only the traditional load calculation method of the stratified air conditioning system with air jets, which is not applicable to calculate the load of the

Study on the calculation of unsteady radiant heat transfer load

Stratified air conditioning load (SACL) is the basis for determining the cooling capacity of air conditioning system, and it is also the key to assess its energy savings of stratified cooling. Calculation of the radiant heat transfer load (RHTL) is the difficult point to

Matrix formalism for calculation of the light beam intensity in

Matrix formulation to describe the light propagation in stratified multilayered films has been extended to a system with phase incoherence. Several equations for the reflectance, transmittance, and light beam intensity in the film system are derived from the formulation. Some formulas previously proposed are corrected in reference to the present method. The beam

Calculation of the vectorial field distribution in a stratified focal

Appendix A: Calculation of the transmission and reflection matrix In order to calculate the propagation matrix of an imaging system when the focal field is embedded in a multilayer system, we derive a general formalism describing the rotation of the field #3839 - $15.00 US (C) 2004 OSA Received 17 February 2004; revised 22 March 2004; accepted

Calculation of the reflecting power of any stratified system [PDF]

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