How will Cuba's relationship with other countries impact the energy transition?

Cuba’s relationships with other countries will be key to realizing the energy transition. Since 2000, Venezuela has been Cuba’s primary source of imported oil. However, political and economic troubles in Venezuela caused oil exports to Cuba to fall by about half, resulting in Cuba increasingly seeking oil imports from Mexico and Russia.

Does Cuba rely on fossil fuels?

Cuba’s power system is currently heavily reliant on fossil fuels. In 2022, fossil fuels accounted for about 95% of electricity generation, and about 48% of the fossil fuels used were imported, putting the country at high risk of price shocks and supply shortages.

Why is Cuba importing oil from Mexico and Russia?

However, political and economic troubles in Venezuela caused oil exports to Cuba to fall by about half, resulting in Cuba increasingly seeking oil imports from Mexico and Russia. Cuba has worked with India, the Indian-based International Solar Alliance, and China to develop renewable energy projects.

Is Cuba facing a severe economic crisis?

Compounding these problems, Cuba is facing a severe economic crisis, with rising inflation, decreased exports, and the introduction of austerity measures. Overcoming these energy challenges amidst the economic crisis will be extremely difficult.

Does EDF work with Cuba?

EDF has been working with Cuban, U.S. and international partners for more than 20 years to strengthen and expand scientific exchange and environmental cooperation. The report builds on EDF’s strong history of working with Cuba on environmental issues, and EDF’s commitment to creating transformational solutions to environmental problems.