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Energy storage in vertebrates

Regulation of lipid metabolism in poikilothermic vertebrates

Energy storage is important for the support of various physiological, developmental and repro- ductive events within the organism. (cf. Pearson et al., 1977). In poikilothermic vertebrates, the patterns of lipid storage and deposition are more diverse. The general trend in this group is to store lipids among several depots as opposed to a

Coevolution of body size and metabolic rate in vertebrates: a life

P (w)/ m (w) is expressed in energy units because production is measured in J/day and mortality is measured in 1/day. Because life expectancy is equal to 1/ m (w), this expression measures

Fat body, fat pad and adipose tissues in invertebrates and vertebrates

The fat body in invertebrates was shown to participate in energy storage and homeostasis, apart from its other roles in immune mediation and protein synthesis to mention a few. Thus, sharing similar characteristics with the liver and adipose tissues in vertebrates. However, vertebrate adipose tissue or fat has been incriminated in the

Fat body, fat pad and adipose tissues in invertebrates and vertebrates

The fat body in invertebrates was shown to participate in energy storage and homeostasis, apart from its other roles in immune mediation and protein synthesis to mention a few. Thus, sharing similar characteristics with the liver and adipose tissues in vertebrates. However, vertebrate adipose tissue or fat has been incriminated in the pathophysiology of

Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the

Anuran jumping is one of the most powerful accelerations in vertebrate locomotion. Several species are hypothesized to use a catapult-like mechanism to store and rapidly release elastic

Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the

Data support the plantaris longus tendon as a site of elastic energy storage during frog jumping, and demonstrate that catapult mechanisms may be employed even in sub-maximal jumps. Anuran jumping is one of the most powerful accelerations in vertebrate locomotion. Several species are hypothesized to use a catapult-like mechanism to store and rapidly

(PDF) Muscle-tendon stresses and elastic energy storage during

Calculations of elastic strain energy storage based on tendon stress showed similar patterns of increase with change of speed and gait, with the greatest contribution to elastic savings by the DDF

Flexible mechanisms: the diverse roles of biological springs in

The muscles that power vertebrate locomotion are associated with springy tissues, both within muscle and in connective tissue elements such as tendons. also provided evidence that the tendons of small animals are relatively stiff and therefore have a lower capacity for energy storage when compared with large animals'' tendons (Pollock and

Viscoelasticity, Energy Storage and Transmission and Dissipation

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates is an important biological mechanotransducer that prevents premature mechanical failure of tissues and stores and transmits energy created by

Phosphagen in vertebrates is:Phospho arginineATPPhospho

The phosphagens are energy storage compounds, also known as high-energy phosphate compounds. They are chiefly found in muscular tissue in animals. ATP molecules can provide energy for only a few seconds of strenuous muscular activity. Thus muscle cells have backup energy storage compound, creatine phosphate, that can be stockpiled.

Viscoelastic properties of young and old human dermis: A

Elastic energy storage is consistent with the stretching of charged pairs located in flexible regions of the collagen molecule. Shear thinning, or thixotropy of skin, is hypothesized to reflect breakage of bonds that occur between collagen fibrils. The Importance of Collagen Fibers in Vertebrate Biology, Journal of Engineered Fibers and

Sarcomere

Energy Storage. Most muscle cells can only store enough ATP for a small number of muscle contractions. While Vertebrates display a very limited range of sarcomere lengths, with roughly the same optimal length (length at peak length-tension) in all muscles of an individual as well as between species.

3.1: Carbohydrates

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the animal equivalent of starch and is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Energy can be stored within the bonds of a molecule. Bonds connecting two carbon atoms or connecting a carbon

Global news, analysis and opinion on energy storage innovation

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Elastic Energy Stores in Running Vertebrates

It is shown by means of a generalized model that muscles and tendons could both be important as elastic energy stores for large mammals, and that these conclusions presumably apply to large mammals in general. Large mammals save much of the energy they would otherwise need for running by means of elastic structures in their legs. Kinetic and potential energy, lost at one

Tuned muscle and spring properties increase elastic energy storage

Fast and powerful movements such as the jump of a flea (Bennet-Clark and Lucey, 1967) or the strike of a mantis shrimp smasher (Patek and Caldwell, 2005) are possible because they use elastic energy storage mechanisms, or latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA; Longo et al., 2019) this mechanism, a latch resists motion of a limb segment (or appendage) while

3.2 Carbohydrates

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the animal equivalent of starch and is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Explain how the structure of the polysaccharide determines its primary function as an energy storage molecule

The Importance of Collagen Fibers in Vertebrate Biology

Collagen fibers form the basic structural components of extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates that serve to: (1) Elastic energy storage in human articular cartilage: estimation of the elastic spring constant for type II collagen and changes associated with osteoarthritis, Matrix Biology 21, 129–137, 2002. Crossref.

External work and potential for elastic storage at the limb joints of

The storage and recovery of elastic strain energy in muscles and tendons increases the economy of locomotion in running vertebrates. In this investigation, we compared the negative and positive external work produced at individual limb joints of running dogs to evaluate which muscle–tendon systems contribute to elastic storage and to determine the extent to which the

3.2 Carbohydrates

Athletes, in contrast, often "carb-load" before important competitions to ensure that they have enough energy to compete at a high level. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet. Grains, Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is comprised of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the

Elastic energy storage and the efficiency of movement

We examine evidence for elastic energy storage and associated changes in the efficiency of movement across vertebrates and invertebrates, and hence across a large range of body sizes and diversity of spring materials.

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Elastic energy storage and the efficiency of movement

In large terrestrial vertebrates, there is now direct evidence of E. elastic. storage and return. In the distal limbs of camels, horses, wallabies, turkeys, and humans, measurement of muscle length

The Importance of Collagen Fibers in Vertebrate Biology

During the normal gait cycle in vertebrates, potential energy is stored as strain energy in tendons that are stretched after impact with the ground; elastic recoil primarily by these tendons converts most of the stored energy into kinetic energy [20, 21]. Decreased energy storage and dissipation is associated with

Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the

1. Introduction. Anuran jumping is a common model system for studying muscle-powered accelerations in vertebrates [1,2].Skeletal muscles provide the mechanical power for the jump [], but whole-body power output exceeds the maximum muscle power output by a factor of seven or more in some species [3,4].These supramaximal power outputs are hypothesized to

Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the

Introduction. The role of the Achilles tendon (AT) in elastic energy storage with subsequent return during stance phase is well established 1 – 7.Recovery of elastic energy imparted to the AT is potentially influenced by AT morphology in three ways: (1) material properties of the tendon, (2) cross-sectional area of the tendon, and (3) the moment arm of the

The Importance of Collagen Fibers in Vertebrate Biology

Collagen I is the primary component of the vertebrate extracellular matrix (ECM), making up ∼30% of the total protein mass in humans (Huxley-Jones et al., 2007;Kadler et al., 2007; Silver, 2009

Muscle-tendon stresses and elastic energy storage during

Fig. 1 A shows the anatomical organization of the muscle-tendons and ligaments analyzed for elastic energy storage in the forelimb (superficial digital flexor (SDF); deep digital flexor (DDF); ulnaris lateralis (ULN) and flexor carpi ulnaris/radialis (FCU/R); and metacarpal suspensory ligament (S-Lig)) and hindlimb (plantaris, PL—also referred to as the hindlimb

Viscoelasticity, energy storage and transmission and dissipation

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates is an important biological mechanotransducer that prevents premature mechanical failure of tissues and stores and transmits energy created by

Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in

Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the plantaris tendon during frog jumping Henry C. Astley* and Thomas J. Roberts Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA *Author for correspondence (henry_astley@brown ).

Energy storage in vertebrates
Energy storage in vertebrates [PDF]

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