Why is there a marine reserve around Heard Island & McDonalds Islands?

Recognition of the unique and largely unmodified nature of the marine environment within the Australian EEZ around Heard Island and the McDonalds Islands led to the proposal for a marine reserve in 2001.

Where are the Heard and McDonald Islands located?

The Heard and McDonald Islands are remote subantarctic volcanic features located in the Southern Ocean, halfway between Australia and South Africa. They are approximately 1700 km from the Antarctic continent and 4000 km southwest of mainland Australia (Australian Government 2016 ). Heard Island is 43 km long and 21 km wide.

What is The HIMI marine protected area (MPA)?

In the Australian EEZ, in the south, a similar management system was established in 1979 and was followed by the designation in 2002 of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) Marine Protected Area: one of the world's largest MPA with an area of 65,000 km 2 (Welsford et al. 2011).

Is there a tidal power system in the Maldives?

To date, several studies have been conducted on islanded power systems, mostly dedicated to specific locations, such as the case of Maldives or in the Canary Islands , or as in , seeking to classify islands by their potential to explore some renewable sources. However, these studies do not include wave and tidal.

Is surplus electricity stored or curtailed?

The model considers that any surplus of electricity generation is either stored and/or curtailed, depending on which is more cost-effective. These results are derived from a medium-cost scenario projection.

Does adding wave and tidal to offshore wind reduce storage capacity?

Adding wave and tidal to offshore wind decreases the necessary storage capacity by 30% in 2030 and approximately 35% in 2040 and 40% in 2050. However, the all-energies scenario always presents the lowest need of storage.